![]() ![]() Silicon is a critical element for fabricating most electronic circuits. After silicon, gallium arsenide is the second-most common semiconductor and is used in laser diodes, solar cells, microwave-frequency integrated circuits, and others. ![]() Some examples of semiconductors are silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and elements near the so-called " metalloid staircase" on the periodic table. The behavior of charge carriers, which include electrons, ions, and electron holes, at these junctions is the basis of diodes, transistors, and most modern electronics. When two differently doped regions exist in the same crystal, a semiconductor junction is created. Its conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by introducing impurities (" doping") into the crystal structure. Its resistivity falls as its temperature rises metals behave in the opposite way. A semiconductor is a material which has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as copper, and an insulator, such as glass. ![]()
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